Cookies are small text files that websites place on a user’s device—such as a computer or smartphone—when they visit a site. These files store information like login status, language preferences, or browsing behavior. Cookies help websites function smoothly and deliver a more personalized user experience by “remembering” users between sessions.

There are several types of cookies:

• Essential cookies: Required for basic website functionality (e.g., shopping carts or login).

• Performance cookies: Collect anonymous data to improve site performance.

• Functionality cookies: Remember preferences and settings.

• Targeting/advertising cookies: Track users across sites to serve personalized ads.

Compliance and Consent Requirements

Under laws like the GDPR, ePrivacy Directive, and CCPA, the use of non-essential cookies requires prior informed consent. Websites must clearly disclose which cookies they use, what data is collected, and for what purpose. Users must be given the option to accept or reject non-essential cookies, often through a cookie banner or consent management platform (CMP).

Cookie policies should also explain how users can manage or delete cookies through browser settings. Businesses must ensure that cookie data is stored securely and not shared without proper legal basis.

Why Cookies Matter in Privacy

Cookies, especially third-party ones, are central to tracking and profiling users online. Improper use can lead to data breaches and legal penalties. Ensuring cookie compliance not only protects user privacy but also strengthens transparency and trust. Organizations should regularly audit cookies used on their websites to stay compliant with evolving regulations.