Cross border data flows refer to transferring data from China to another country. Chinese law places strict controls on such transfers, especially for personal information and important data.

Companies may need to pass security assessments, sign standard contracts, or obtain certifications before transferring data abroad. The purpose is to protect national security and personal rights.

Businesses must also inform individuals about overseas transfers and obtain separate consent in some cases. Failing to follow these rules can lead to heavy fines or suspension of data transfer activities. Companies operating internationally must carefully assess transfer risks.